Materials used in these pieces are Nymo size b thread, size 11 short needles, beeswax, cotton flannel protective fabric, porcupine quills, sequins, gold jump rings, white Mother of pearl shells, gold earring hooks, oak wood, white deer hide, black velvet fabric, size 11/0 czech beads, cotton broadcloth fabric, cotton double fold bias tape and cotton thread.Techniques used in these pieces are hand sewing, lazy stitch beading, geometric bead designs, applique beading, woodland bead designs and wrapping style of quillwork.